Degrees

Ph. D., Sociology, State University of New York at Binghamton.

A.B., History, Princeton University.

Research

Currently working on racial inequality within Puerto Rico from a comparative historial perspective.

I have a collaborative project with Rick Baldoz of Brown University,  “The Bordering of America: Hawaii, the Philippines, Cuba and Puerto Rico after the War of 1898.”

Publications

BOOKS

César J. Ayala and Laird Bergad. Agrarian Puerto Rico: Reconsidering Rural Economy and Society, 1899-1940. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, January, 2020.

César J. Ayala and José Bolívar. Battleship Vieques: Puerto Rico from World War II to the Korean War. Princeton: Markus Wiener Publishers, 2011.

César J. Ayala and Rafael Bernabe. Puerto Rico en el siglo norteamericano: su historia desde 1898. [translated by Aurora Lauzardo] San Juan: Ediciones Callejón, 2011.

César Ayala and Rafael Bernabe. Puerto Rico in the American Century: A History Since 1898. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007.

César Ayala. American Sugar Kingdom: The Plantation Economy of the Spanish Caribbean, 1898-1934. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999.

ARTICLES

Ayala, César J. and Joel S. Herrera 2024. “The Paradox of Black Incomes in Puerto Rico in the Early Decades of U.S. Colonialism.” Comparative Studies in Society and History, 1–27, doi:10.1017/ S001041752400015X

Rick Baldoz and César Ayala. “The Bordering of America: Colonialism and Citizenship in the Philippines and Puerto Rico.” Centro: Revista del Centro de Estudios Puertorriqueños de Nueva York . vol. 25, no. 1 (Spring 2013): 76-105.

César J. Ayala, “American Sugar Kingdom,” in Stephan Palmié and Francisco Scarano, eds., The Caribbean: a History of the Region and its Peoples (Chicago: The University of Chicago press, 2011).

César J. Ayala. “Local Capital Formation and Development Banking in Puerto Rico, 1942-2007.” In Guy Pierre, ed., Histoire économique de la Caraïbe, (1880-1950) . Port Au Prince: Éditions de l’Université d’État
d’Haïti, 2011.

César Ayala, “La formación de capital local el Puerto Rico, 1947 al presente.” Revista de Ciencias Sociales (San Juan, Puerto Rico) 18 (2008): 104-149.

Jennifer McCormick and César Ayala. 2007. Felícita La Prieta’ Méndez and the End of Latino Segregation in California .” Centro: Journal of the Center for Puerto Rican Studies 19(2): 13-35.

César Ayala and José Bolívar. 2006. “The Cold War and the Second Expropriations of the Navy in Vieques” Centro, Journal of the Center for Puerto Rican Studies, 18(1): 3-27.

César Ayala and Viviana Carro. 2005.” Expropiations and Displacement of Civilians in Vieques, 1940-1950.” In Puerto Rico under Colonial Rule: Political Persecution and the Quest for Human Rights , edited by R.
Bosque Pérez and J. Colón Morera ( S.U.N.Y. Press, May 2005).

César Ayala and Laird Bergad. “Rural Puerto Rico during the Early Twentieth Century Reconsidered: Land and Society, 1899-1915.” Latin American Research Review (37)2 (April, 2002): 65-99.

César J. Ayala, “Social and Economic Aspects of Sugar Production in Cuba, 1880-1930.” Latin American Research Review Vol. 30, No. 1 (1995): 95-124.